Steroids

Steroids (Greek adjective στερ [ιν] οειδή of στερεό, stereo: "the fixed, rigid, solid" (based on molecular properties) and the ending-ÖID similar '") are a chemical class of lipids (molecules with lipophilic groups in the usually insoluble in water). Steroids are derivatives of the hydrocarbon steranes (Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthren).

Natural steroids are found in animals, plants and fungi. Their biochemical functions, ranging from vitamins and sex hormones (androgens in men or estrogen in women) on bile acid and toxic toads to the poisons of cardioactive digitalis and oleander.

In animals and in humans is cholesterol is the principal steroid; plants containing it are not. Cholesterol from lipoproteins and steroid hormones built up, such as the hormones of the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids). Artificial derivatives of the male

Sex hormone testosterone, the anabolic steroids are used as muscle preparations. These are also known as a doping agent in sports-interested public.

Steroids structure

All steroids are based on cholesterol (with the exception of the retinoic acids), which is composed of the triterpene squalene. The basic framework is steranes. A structural similarity is the

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthren-ring (except vitamin D). Steroids have a rigid molecular shape (hence the name), usually a relatively high melting point and can crystallize well. Due to the asymmetric carbon atoms at the

Ring links are a number of structural isomers possible, which are folded differently.
Steroid reduction

In man, the steroids are in the liver by hydroxylation and conjugation with glycine or taurine made water-soluble and as bile acids in bile into the duodenum (front part of the small intestine) Ret.

Steroid hormone

Steroid hormones are steroids which act as hormones. These include the sex hormones of the gonads and the adrenal cortex corticosteroids. The steroid hormones of mammals can be divided into five groups, according to the steroid receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens and progestins.

What are steroids?

Anabolic steroids (anabolic steroids) are artificially produced hormones that are chemically transformed with the male sex hormone testosterone
Effect of anabolic steroids

We distinguish between the desired (anabolic) and undesirable (androgenic) effect of anabolic steroids, anabolic
Anabolic steroids Effects:

The anabolic steroids (anabolic steroids) affect the metabolism, especially on protein metabolism. This anabolic effect is sought by the users of anabolic steroids, as it promotes the protein buildup in the muscles and reduce body fat. Anabolic steroids (anabolic steroids) act only while intensive training.

Anabolic steroids

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They were in second World War II and were originally developed to allow weakened and malnourished prisoners of war better convalescence.

They were also used for their protein anabolic effect of consuming disease and muscular atrophy and as a remedy for anemia. Very soon, they also found application in sports where they were given as illicit doping to improve performance in healthy athletes.

In medicine, anabolic steroids are still in a failure of the testes (lack of endogenous testosterone formation), for growth at or during physical weakness (eg the elderly) Purpose. In general, they belong to the group of anabolic steroids.

Steroids effects

All the usual preparations based on the male sex hormone testosterone. Two effects are distinguished:

The effect of anabolic steroids on protein metabolism, which is desired by the users, the structure of protein is increased in the muscles while reducing body fat percentage. An effect is only at the same time intense weight training. In addition, anabolic steroids increase the regenerative ability of the consumer. He can thus exercise more frequently and with fewer pauses.

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